Amateka y'igisirikare cy'u Rwanda kuva rwabonye ubwigenge kugeza ubu

Mbere y’uko Igisirikare cy’u Rwanda, tuzi uyu munsi nka RDF (Rwanda Defence Forces), gifata iri zina, cyabanje kwitwa FAR (Forces Armées Rwandaises ), kikaba cyarashinzwe imyaka 2 mbere y’uko u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge mu 1962, tugiye kubavira imuzingo amateka yacyo kuva cyashingwa kugeza aho kigeze ubu nk’uko tubikesha amavomo atandukanye.

 

. Amateka y'ingabo z'u Rwanda kuva rwabona ubwigenge.

. Abayoboye igisirikare cy'u Rwanda kuva mu 1960.

. Abagaba bakuru b'igisirikare cy'u Rwanda kuva cyabaho kugeza ubu.

. Abaminisitiri b'ingabo babayeho mu Rwanda.

 

Igitabo cy’igisirikare cya Amerika kiswe “Area Handbook for Rwanda” cyanditswe mu mpera z’1968 ugana mu 1969, kivuga ko ingabo z’u Rwanda mu 1969 zari 2,500, mu gihe abapolisi babarirwaga mu 1,200. Igisirikare cyari cyarashinzwe imyaka ibiri mbere yo kubona ubwigenge, akazi kacyo ka mbere kabaye gusubiza inyuma ibitero by’Abanyarwanda bari barahunze ubwicanyi bwo mu 1959 byagabwe mu 1963 no mu 1964.

Ingabo z’u Rwanda icyo gihe zikaba zari ziyobowe na minisitiri w’ingabo, Juvenal Habyarimana, wari n’umugaba mukuru w’ingabo. Icyo gihe cyari gifite icyicaro gikuru, na batayo imwe y’ingabo zirwanira ku butaka, kongeraho andi makompanyi atanu afite imbunda na platoon eshanu.

Igisirikare cy’u Rwanda nka FAR cyabayeho kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994 ubwo Guverinoma yari iriho yakurwaga ku butegetsi nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’intambara yo kubohoza u Rwanda yari iyobowe na RPF/Inkotanyi. Wikipedia ivuga ko FAR yari igizwe n’ingabo 7,000, zirimo Abajandarume babarirwa mu 1200.

Mu ngabo z’intyoza (Elite troops) harimo umutwe ushinzwe kurinda umukuru w’igihugu (GP), wari ugizwe n’abasirikare hagati y’1000 n’1300, n’imitwe y’Abaparakomando n’ushinzwe ubutasi. Mu 1994 iyi mitwe yari imaze kuba batayo yuzuye ibarirwamo ingabo 800.

Nyuma y’igitero cya RPF mu 1990, Ingabo 5000 FAR yari ifite zahise zongerwa zigera mu 30,000 mu 1992, zihabwa imyitozo n’u Bufaransa, aho bivugwa ko mu Rwanda hari abasirikare b’Abafaransa bagera ku 1.100 icyo gihe batangaga imyitozo.

Amasezerano ya Arusha yari agamije guhagarika iyi ntambara yashyizweho umukono kuwa 04 Kanama 1993, yarimo n’ingingo yo kuvanga ingabo, aho Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yagombaga gutanga 60% ariko igomba gusaranganya ubuyobozi bwazo na RPF kuva hejuru kugera kuri batayo. Byari biteganyijwe ko igisirikare gishya kizaba kigizwe n’abasirikare 19,000 n’Abajandarume 6,000.

Ariko bamwe mu bahezanguni bari muri Guverinoma y’u Rwanda banze gushyira mu bikorwa aya masezerano, ahubwo batangira gutegura uko bakora jenoside nk’uko Wikipedia ikomeza ivuga.

Uwari ukuriye batayo ishinzwe ubutasi, Francois –Xavier Nzuwonemeye n’abamwungirije, bagize uruhare rukomeye muri jenoside. Iyi batayo yari ishinzwe ubutasi (Reconnaissance Battalion), ifatanyije na Batayo parakomando yari iyobowe na Major Aloys Ntabakuze ndetse n’umutwe wari ushinzwe kurinda umukuru w’igihugu, uyobowe na Major Protais Mpiranya, bakoze ubutatu bw’ibanze mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Col. Marcel Gatsinzi, yagizwe umugaba w’ingabo by’akanya gato kuva ku itariki 06 Mata kugeza ku ya 16 Mata 1994, ariko ahita asimbuzwa Augustin Bizimungu wahise anazamurwa mu ntera agirwa General Major ku itariki 18 Mata kubera ko gatsinzi yari yanze jenoside.

Bizimungu nawe yabaye umugaba mukuru w’ingabo igihe gito mbere yo gufata iy’ubuhungiro RPF imaze gufata igihugu, benshi mu bari mu gisirikare cya FAR bakaba baragiye baburanishwa n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda kubera kwijandika muri jenoside nka Col Theoneste Bagosora, wari umuyobozi w’ibiro bya minisitrri w’ingabo mu gihe cya jenoside.

Nyuma yo gutsindwa na RPF, izari ingabo z’u Rwanda zahungiye ku bwinshi muri cyahoze ari Zaire (Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo) aho bahise bashingira umutwe wa RDR (Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda), yaje kuvamo FDLR na n’ubu igikorera mu burasirazuba bwa Congo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Perezida n’Umugaba w’ikirenga

• Grégoire Kayibanda, Kuva tariki 26 Ukwakira 1961 kugeza 5 Nyakanga 1973 .

• Juvénal Habyarimana, Kuva tariki 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza 6 Mata 1994.

• Théodore Sindikubwabo,Kuva tariki 19 Mata kugeza Nyakanga 1994.

Ba Minisitiri b’ingabo

• Calliope Mulindahabi 1962 kugeza 1965.

• Juvénal Habyarimana, 1965 kugeza 1991.

• Maj. Gen. Augustin Ndindiliyimana, 1991 kugeza 1992.

• Maj. Gen. James Gasana, Mata 1992 kugeza Nyakanga 1993.

• Augustin Bizimana, Nyakanga 1993 kugeza Nyakanga 1994.

Abagaba b’ingabo

• Maj. Gen. Déogratias Nsabimana, kugeza tariki 6 Mata 1994 

• Col. Marcel Gatsinzi, 7 Mata 1994 wasimbuwe nyuma y’ibyumweru 2 ajya muri RPF.

• Maj. Gen. Augustin Bizimungu, Mata 1994 kugeza Nyakanga 1994.

Abagaba ba Jandarumori

• Maj. Gen. Augustin Ndindiliyimana, Kamena 1992 kugeza tariki 5 Kamena 1994.

• Col. Félicien Muberuka, Kuva tariki 5 Kamena 1994 kugeza Nyakanga 1994.

Nyuma y’intambara na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi icyari igisirikare cy’u Rwanda kitwaga FAR cyahise gifata izina rya Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA), nyuma gifata izina kizwiho kugeza ubu rya RDF (Rwanda Defence Force).

RDF ubu igizwe:

N’Ubuyobozi bukuru (High Command Council of the RDF)

Abakozi bakuru ba RDF (General Staff of the RDF)

Igisirikare kirwanira ku butaka (Rwanda Land Force)

Igisirikare kirwanira mu kirere (Rwanda Air Force)

Imitwe yihariye

Na bande (Army Band of The RDF)

Intego za RDF nk’uko biteganywa n’itegeko nshinga ni:

Kurinda ubutaka n’ubusugire bwa repubulika;

Gukorana n’izindi nzego z’umutekano mu kurinda rubanda n’ibyarwo no gutuma amategeko yubahirizwa;

Kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’ubutabazi mu gihe cy’ibiza;

Gutanga umusanzu mu iterambere ry’igihugu;

Kugira uruhare mu butumwa mpuzamahanga bwo kubungabunga amahoro, ubw’ubutabazi no gutoza.

Nyuma yo kubohoza igihugu muri Nyakanga 1994 no guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, RPF yafashe icyemezo cyo kwigabanyamo ibice bibiri, icya politiki kigumana izina rya RPF, n’icya gisirikare cyavuyemo igisirikare cy’igihugu.

Amafaranga ashorwa mu bwirinzi (hagati ya miliyoni 130 n’140$)akomeje kwerekana uruhare runini mu ngengo y’imari y’igihugu, bitewe ahanini n’ibibazo by’umutekano bikomeje ku mipaka y’u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’u Burundi, ndetse no guhangayikishwa n’imigambi ya Uganda u Rwanda rushinja gufasha abashaka gukuraho ubutegetsi buriho.

RDF kandi ihora mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro muri Afurika, aho ubu u Rwanda ari kimwe mu bihugu bifite uruhare runini mu butumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye.

Perezida n’umugaba w’ikirenga

• Pasteur Bizimungu, tariki 19 Nyakanga 1994 kugeza 23 Werurwe 2000

• Paul Kagame, tariki 22 Mata 2000 kugeza ubu.

Ba Minisitiri b’ingabo

• Maj. Gen. Paul Kagame, 1994 kugeza 2000.

• Brig. Gen. Emmanuel Habyarimana, 2000 kugeza Ugushyingo 2002.

• Gen. Marcel Gatsinzi, Ugushyingo 2002 kugeza Mata 2010.

• Gen. James Kabarebe, Mata 2010 kugeza Ukwakira 2018.

• Maj. Gen. Albert Murasira, Ukwakira 2018 kugeza ubu.

Abagaba b’ingabo

• Maj. Gen. Sam Kaka

• Lt. Gen. Faustin Kayumba Nyamwasa, 1998 kugeza 2002 

• Gen. James Kabarebe, 2002 kugeza Mata 2010

• Lt. Gen. Charles Kayonga, Mata 2010 kugeza Kamena 2013

• Gen. Patrick Nyamvumba, 22 Kamena 2013 kugeza 4 Ugushyingo 2019.

• Gen. Jean Bosco Kazura, 4 Ugushyingo 2019 kugeza ubu.